[TryHackMe][CompTIA_Pentest+][Introductory_Networking]

Summary:

An introduction to networking theory and basic networking tools.

Tasks

• The OSI Model: An Overview
• Encapsulation
• The TCP/IP Model
• Ping
• Traceroute
• WHOIS
• Dig

The OSI Model: An Overview

Question : Which layer would choose to send data over TCP or UDP ?

Answer : 4

Question : Which layer checks received packets to make sure that they haven’t been corrupted ?

Answer : 2

Question : In which layer would data be formatted in preparation for transmission ?

Answer : 2

Question : Which layer transmits and receives data ?

Answer : 1

Question : Which layer encrypts, compresses, or otherwise transforms the initial data to give it a standardised format ?

Answer : 6

Question : Which layer tracks communications between the host and receiving computers ?

Answer : 5

Question : Which layer accepts communication requests from applications ?

Answer : 7

Question : Which layer handles logical addressing ?

Answer : 3

Question : When sending data over TCP, what would you call the “bite-sized” pieces of data?

Answer : Segments

[Research] Which layer would the FTP protocol communicate with ?

Answer : 7

Question : Which transport layer protocol would be best suited to transmit a live video ?

Answer : UDP

Encapsulation

Question : How would you refer to data at layer 2 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model) ?

Answer : Frames

Question : How would you refer to data at layer 4 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model), if the UDP protocol has been selected ?

Answer : Datagrams

Question : What process would a computer perform on a received message ?

Answer : De-encapsulation

Question : Which is the only layer of the OSI model to add a trailer during encapsulation ?

Answer : Data Link

Question : Does encapsulation provide an extra layer of security (Aye/Nay) ?

Answer : Aye

The TCP/IP Model

Question : Which model was introduced first, OSI or TCP/IP ?

Answer : TCP/IP

Question : Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Transport layer of the OSI model (Full Name) ?

Answer : Transport

Question : Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Session layer of the OSI model (Full Name) ?

Answer : Application

Question : The Network Interface layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of two layers in the OSI model. These layers are Data Link, and?.. (Full Name) ?

Answer : Physical

Question : Which layer of the TCP/IP model handles the functionality of the OSI network layer ?

Answer : Internet

Question : What kind of protocol is TCP ?

Answer : Connection-based

Question : What is SYN short for ?

Answer : Synchronise

Question : What is the second step of the three way handshake ?

Answer : SYN/ACK

Question : What is the short name for the “Acknowledgement” segment in the three-way handshake ?

Answer : ACK

Networking Tools

Ping

Question : What command would you use to ping the bbc.co.uk website ?

Answer : ping bbc.co.uk

Question : What is the IPv4 address ?

Answer : 217.160.0.152

Question : What switch lets you change the interval of sent ping requests ?

Answer : -i

Question : What switch would allow you to restrict requests to IPv4 ?

Answer : -4

Question : What switch would give you a more verbose output ?

Answer : -v

Traceroute

Question : Can you see the path your request has taken ?

Question : What switch would you use to specify an interface when using Traceroute ?

Answer : -i

Question : What switch would you use if you wanted to use TCP SYN requests when tracing the route ?

Answer : -T

Question : [Lateral Thinking] Which layer of the TCP/IP model will traceroute run on by default (Windows) ?

Answer : Internet

WHOIS

Question : Perform a whois search on facebook.com

Question : What is the registrant postal code for facebook.com ?

Answer : 94025

Question : When was the facebook.com domain first registered (Format: DD/MM/YYYY) ?

Answer : 29/03/1997

Question : Perform a whois search on microsoft.com

Question : Which city is the registrant based in ?

Answer : Redmond

Question : [OSINT] What is the name of the golf course that is near the registrant address for microsoft.com ?

Answer : Bellevue Golf Course

Question : What is the registered Tech Email for microsoft.com ?

Answer : msnhst@microsoft.com

Dig

Question : What is DNS short for ?

Answer : Domain Name System

Question : What is the first type of DNS server your computer would query when you search for a domain?

Answer : Recursive

Question : What type of DNS server contains records specific to domain extensions (i.e. .com, .co.uk, etc) ?

Answer : Top-Level Doamin

Question : Where is the very first place your computer would look to find the IP address of a domain ?

Answer : Local Cache

Question : [Research] Google runs two public DNS servers. One of them can be queried with the IP 8.8.8.8, what is the IP address of the other one ?

Answer : 8.8.4.4

Question : If a DNS query has a TTL of 24 hours, what number would the dig query show ?

Answer : 86400

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